Table 1 summarizes the key elements of the four perspectives on social capital and
development, and their corresponding policy prescriptions. The differences between them are
primarily the unit of analysis on which they focus, their treatment of social capital as an
independent, dependent, or mediating variable, and the extent to which they incorporate a theory
of the state. The largest and most influential bodies of work have emerged from the networks and
institutional perspectives, with the most recent approaches seeking a synthesis in the form of the
synergy view. In the next section, we exam various practical attempts at the World Bank and
elsewhere to build instruments to measure social capital and demonstrate its significance for
development projects and policy.
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